Musima — short for Musikinstrumentenbau Markneukirchen — was a state-owned musical instrument manufacturer based in Markneukirchen, Vogtland, a town in what is now Saxony, Germany with centuries of lutherie tradition. Established in 1952 as a GDR collective enterprise (VEB), the factory grew into one of the world's largest musical instrument producers, reportedly employing around 1,260 workers at its peak and producing approximately 360 guitars per day during the 1960s and 1970s.

Musima's output was remarkably broad, spanning classical and acoustic guitars, electric guitars, bass guitars, violins, cellos, banjos, and zithers. Among the most recognized electric models is the Eterna, a solidbody guitar featuring multiple single-coil pickups and an extensive switching system, and the Lead Star, a Stratocaster-inspired instrument with a maple neck, rosewood fingerboard, and alnico single-coil pickups. The Lead Star, produced in the late 1970s and 1980s, is sometimes nicknamed "the Strat of the East" among collectors. Musima also produced instruments for Lakewood Guitars during the GDR era, marked with an "L" label.

After German reunification in 1990, the company transitioned from a centrally planned collective to a private entity and continued under the name Musima GmbH, though production declined sharply in the face of global competition. The company ceased operations in the mid-2000s. Vintage Musima instruments have since developed a following among collectors and working musicians attracted by their historical character and the quality of the factory's better production lines. Russian punk musician Yegor Letov was a known player of Musima guitars, and Kim Gordon of Sonic Youth has been documented using Musima instruments.

Musima has 9 products cataloged on Equipboard, including Solid Body Electric Guitars, Semi-Hollowbody Electric Guitars, and Electric Basses. Their gear is featured by 4 artists, with the strongest followings in Rock. Notable users include Yegor Letov, Thurston Moore, and Yuri Kasparyan.