Oktava is a Russian microphone manufacturer based in Tula, with a factory history dating back to 1927. Originally an electronics plant producing radio components for the Soviet Union, it shifted toward acoustic transducers in the early 1930s and adopted the Oktava name in 1946. The company built its reputation on handmade construction using vintage techniques, earning the nickname "the Russian Neumann" among some engineers.

Oktava's catalog centers on condenser, ribbon, and tube microphones for studio and broadcast use. The MK-012 small-diaphragm condenser — a design rooted in 1960s research at Russia's NIKFI cinema and photo institute — is the brand's best-known product and a staple on drum overheads, acoustic guitars, and instrument work. Other notable models include the MK-219 and MK-117 large-diaphragm condensers, the ML-52-02 ribbon microphone, and the MKL-5000 tube flagship with switchable polar patterns. The company also produces wireless systems such as the OWS-U2200 and OWS-U1200HDL.

Oktava microphones gained wider Western exposure after factory modernization in the 1990s, when affordable pricing and distinctive character drew interest from engineers and producers. The brand has been associated with users including Steve Albini, Jack White, Sting, and Radiohead.

Oktava has 20 products cataloged on Equipboard, including Condenser Microphones and Ribbon Microphones. Their gear is featured by 16 artists, with the strongest followings in Rock, Electronic, and Pop. Notable users include Thom Yorke, Jack White, and Steve Albini.